What is the correct type of pH electrode for use in Tris buffers?
What is the recommended reference electrolyte for measurement or titration in non-aqueous samples?
I Want to perform pH measurements, but I do not want the sample contaminated by chloride ions. How do I do this?
How do I clean the glass pH membrane?
How do I get reliable and accurate measurements in distilled water and other samples with low ionic strength?
What is the normal shelf life of pH buffers after opening?
How often should I replace the reference electrolyte in the IJ44 pH electrode?
What is the recommended storage solution for combined pH electrodes?
I am following a procedure which refers to the use of a calomel reference electrode. Can you advise if there is a substitute?
What is the recommended slope range for a pH electrode?
I am having problems calibrating my pH electrode. is there a simple check procedure?
What is automatic temperature compensation?
What happens to the resistance of the glass pH membrane as the temperature decreases?
I want to measure pH with a multimeter. Is this possible?
What is Sodium Error?
I need to measure pH in difficult samples such as foodstuffs, mining and industrial wastes, untreated waste. Which pH probe would you recommend in these applications?
I have an ATC (automatic temperature compensation probe). Does this mean I can calibrate at room temperature and measure my samples straight from the fridge?
The J44 Intermediate Junction pH electrodes are suitable for use in Tris buffers
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This depends on the sample, but in many instances, use an electrolyte such as 1M Lithium Chloride in Isopropanol
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Use a reference electrolyte such as 1M Potassium Nitrate in the sleeve junction of the IJ44
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This depends on the type of sample you have been measuring. For inorganic deposits, use dilute acid or base; use ethanol or similar to remove fatty deposits, and use either Jif or Pepsin/HCl to remove protein deposits
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Do not to use a sealed gel electrode, but instead use either the IJ44, PBFC or similar. Also try to minimise contact of the sample with the atmosphere, and allow sufficient time for the measurement to achieve stability
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As a general rule the pH4 and 7 buffers should last at least 3 months after opening, whereas the lifetime for buffers such as 9.19 and 10.01 may only be 1-2 months. The lifetimes will be longer if you minimise exposure to the atmosphere, and it is best to store the buffers away from direct sunlight
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Reference electrolyte replacement will be more frequent in contaminated samples. In clean waters, replacement may only be required every few months, but it could be even daily in extremely polluted samples
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We normally recommend using a 20% w/w solution of potassium chloride in distilled water. We can provide this in either 200ml or 1L bottles on request
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Calomel electrodes are often referred to in old Chemistry papers, Corrosion papers, and have also been recommended for measurements with Tris buffers. However, in most circumstances, the IJ Intermediate Junction gives similar performance. Simply add 46mV to the calomel potential to obtain the equivalent saturated Ag/AgCl potential. Another point to bear in mind: Calomel electrodes contain Mercury
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For laboratory and field measurements, a slope range of 95-102% is suitable. A low slope is normally indicative of ageing or mechanical damage to the glass membrane
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With your meter in mV mode, check the potentials of the pH 7 and 4 buffers respectively. The 7 buffer should read 0+/- 30mV, and the 4 buffer should read at least 170 mV higher than the 7 buffer (@25oC). If the difference is less than 170mV, you may need to replace the buffers or the electrode
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pH measurements need to be corrected for temperature when calibrating, and this can be done manually or with an ATC probe. This is the Nernstian slope correction. At 25oC, this value is 59.2mV/pH unit, however at 10oC the value is 56.2 mV/pH unit. Regardless of whether you use an ATC or not, it is NOT possible to compensate the pH of a sample at one temperature to another temperature, as the coefficients are unknown. The correct procedure is to calibrate and measure at the same temperature (ideally within 5oC), and report the pH at the measured temperature
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As the temperature decreases the resistance (impedance) increases. An increase in the response time will also be observed, and measurements below 5oC can end up being noisy
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No, because the impedance needed is in the order of 1012 Ohms, which is substantially higher than in multimeters. Using a pH electrode on a multimeter would cause large measurement errors and would irreversibly damage the probe (polarisation)
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At very high pH values, artificially high pH values can be reported at high sodium levels. To minimise this effect, you should use a pH electrode with a low sodium error if you are measuring above pH 12. The glass formulations in the IJ44C and the PBFB have a very low sodium error
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The IJ44 is suitable for nearly ll sample types. The intermediate junction and the replaceable sleeve electrolyte assures accurate results and long life. For more information on applications, please download our pH electrode selection guide
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No, the ATC only compensates for the Nernst slope. in practice, you should measure within 5oC of you calibration temperature. If you wish to perform measurements at 4oC, you should cool your buffers down to 4oC for calibration. Similarly to measure at 50oC, you will need to calibrate at 50oC
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